Non-compliance to psychopharmacological interventions is a major factor in treatment resistance in both adult and pediatric patients. Non-compliance can lead to setbacks, recurrence of symptoms, and re-hospitalization. A poor understanding of the illness or the need for medication, family and cultural factors, economic considerations, and unrealistic expectations can all be factors in non-compliance. This CCB addresses psychological and psychodynamic aspects of compliance to aid clinicians’ design strategies to provide effective psychopharmacological approaches to treatment. Salient psychodynamic issues that can influence compliance are addressed, including resistance, transference, countertransference, the therapeutic relationship, the meaning of medication, and developmental aspects of the child’s neurobiology. Attendees learn how medication compliance can be enhanced by acknowledgement of these problems and through brief psychotherapeutic interventions.