Medication cannot work if it is not taken or not taken as prescribed, and compliance rates can vary from 20 to 70 percent, depending on the specific disorder. Discussion focuses on identification of poor adherence and psychological factors/interventions to help improve adherence. Topics include psychoeducation as part of treatment with patients and families; cognitive skill training and cognitive behavioral interventions that focus on patients’ beliefs and attitudes about illness and medication; how to overcome denial, resistance, or transference; family interventions and self-help groups; and cultural factors’ significant role in adherence.