Child and adolescent psychiatrists in the United States and other English-speaking countries are treating rapidly increasing numbers of children whose primary language is not English. This makes it difficult to identify learning disabilities and language disorders in this group of children. This CCB explores the challenges in assessing dual language learners (DLL) through presentation of specific clinical cases and shared clinical insights. The developmental knowledge base, and limitations of the professional labor force and how to overcome them are discussed. Attendees gain understanding of evidence-based strategies, such as in-depth assessments mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Every Student Succeeds Act, response to intervention, dynamic assessment, and bilingual assessment and therapy.