ADHD continues to be prevalent, and research and clinical experiences are continually updating and improving the ability to diagnose and treat this disorder. This Institute provides an update on pharmacological research and treatments for ADHD; discusses the impact molecular genetics may have on clinical practice, and if so, when; provides an update on brain anatomy and function derived from advances in brain imaging, providing participants with a better understanding of the multiple brain regions and how they relate to behavior; and looks at disorders associated with ADHD, e.g., learning and language problems and bipolar disorder. Discussion with experienced clinicians and researchers informs and enhances the clinical practice of participants.